The Plutonic Relationship

Hate Mail from Third-Graders

“It’s not easy being a public enemy,” writes Neil deGrasse Tyson in his book The Pluto Files. When Neil’s museum grouped Pluto not among the planets but rather with icy comets in an obscure region called the Kuiper Belt, he heard from thousands of outraged Pluto defenders. It’s tough being called a heartless Pluto-hater, particularly by a dismayed eight-year-old. Below, peruse a few of the letters elementary schoolkids sent Neil, and see how their tone shifted over the years, as the public slowly came to accept Pluto’s fall from planethood.

Taking the Wrong Root

The root of the climate email fiasco

When I read that, I was struck by the gulf between our worlds. To those of us who clamoured for freedom of information laws in Britain, FoI requests are almost sacred. The passing of these laws was a rare democratic victory; they’re among the few means we possess of ensuring that politicians and public servants are answerable to the public. What scientists might regard as trivial and annoying, journalists and democracy campaigners see as central and irreducible. We speak in different tongues and inhabit different worlds.

I know how it happens. Like most people with a science degree, I left university with a store of recondite knowledge that I could share with almost no one. Ill-equipped to understand any subject but my own, I felt cut off from the rest of the planet. The temptation to retreat into a safe place was almost irresistible. Only the extreme specialisation demanded by a PhD, which would have walled me in like an anchorite, dissuaded me.

I have to disagree with this. I don’t think that scientists see sharing of information as trivial and annoying. I think scientists see bureaucracy as trivial and annoying. Anything that stands in the way of doing science is usually seen as trivial and annoying. Training seminars, miscellaneous paperwork, silly and ineffectual rules imposed by the administration, IT, procurement, etc. are seen as trivial and annoying. The fun part of a scientist’s job is the science. We put up with crap, which can comprise the majority of our time, for the benefit of the time spent doing the science. Sharing data with a collaborator? Sure. Sharing data with someone will sift through it in an effort to cherry-pick some bit so that they can come to the opposite conclusion of what the data really say? IOW, somebody not doing science? I fully appreciate the resentment on the imposition of time and effort one might feel. I don’t condone efforts to break the law, but running it by the administration to see if it can be excluded as invalid, or any other loophole? I understand that tactic.

I also disagree with the sentiment that a science degree (and an undergraduate one at that) leaves one “Ill-equipped to understand any subject but my own.” If a science- or technology-related degree leaves you ill-equipped to understand a different science discipline, dear god, where does that leave someone who majors in the humanities or social sciences? I just don’t see that as being the case. What I do see is that some people are ignorant of science and proud of it, and others who want to be spoon-fed the science and aren’t willing to put forth any effort to learn the basics, so that we have a common ground for discussion.

Monbiot discusses the closed world of science, and how “There are no rewards for agreeing with your colleagues, tremendous incentives to prove them wrong.” This is absolutely true, and yet anyone familiar with political controversy over scientific issues knows that this is a message not getting out to the masses, so I’m not sure what the point is. Conspiracy and groupthink accusations abound in the global warming arena, and in almost all areas of science where there is dissent. Since there are basically no areas of science free of dissenters, dissent is not evidence of error. Consensus is the norm, unlike what the anti-AGW camp would have you believe.

Where I do agree with Monbiot is that getting the word out could see improvement; scientists could do a better job of engaging and explaining things to the public. This might be a tough sell, because it’s time away from doing science, and most scientists aren’t trained to do it. Gee, if only we had people who were trained in communication skills who could take the baton. But many journalists aren’t up to the task, because they lack the science skill set the scientists have, often don’t check to see that they are correct, or they want to present “both sides” of a story that doesn’t really have two sides; they end up giving credibility to positions that lack scientific merit.

Then comes the shot at higher education. It’s the schools’ fault. There may be some merit to that, when schools teach facts at the expense of the process of thinking. Given the title of the piece, I thought there would be more discussion on this.

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Even if we could fix these problems, the cynic in me (he was delicious) asks, “to what end?” The reason I know that better communication and education of the public isn’t really the holy grail is that we have examples of this already. People have known for decades that smoking is bad for you, and yet people still smoke. Ditto for eating junk food. There are behaviors that are driven by something other than the logic of one’s well-being a few decades off in the future. I want a smoke or some cheese fries. Doctors — eh, what do they know? Statistics about what might happen later on are too much of an abstraction. Driving cars and cranking up the air conditioning on a hot day are what we want now, so it’s too easy to justify a dismissal of science, if one is offered to us. Even if it’s a lie or a rationalization. Most of the opponents of scientific endeavors aren’t going to be swayed by information — the facts. You can’t use logic and reason to dissuade someone who arrived at their position via emotional or ideological means.

Outsourcing

In the era where poor scores mean punishment for the school, there appears to be a new form of cheating: the teachers or administrators changing the answers after the exam has been completed.

Georgia Schools Inquiry Finds Signs of Cheating

The erasure analysis used the same scanners that score tests to count the erasures in which answers were changed from wrong to right. “It’s not any sort of crazy technology,” Ms. Mathers said. “You just beef up the scanner so it can read varying degrees of gray scale.”

The study determined the average number of wrong-to-right erasures statewide for each grade and subject, and flagged any classroom with an unusually high number. For example, in fourth-grade math, students on average changed 1.8 answers from wrong to right, while one classroom that was flagged as suspicious had more than 6 such changes per student.

More Professors Who Lie

Catching up with blogs after Thanksgiving travel. I saw this on Chad’s linked list. Zen Moments: My Favorite Liar

What made Dr. K memorable was a gimmick he employed that began with his introduction at the beginning of his first class:

“Now I know some of you have already heard of me, but for the benefit of those who are unfamiliar, let me explain how I teach. Between today until the class right before finals, it is my intention to work into each of my lectures … one lie. Your job, as students, among other things, is to try and catch me in the Lie of the Day.”

And thus began our ten-week course.

I think that’s a pretty interesting way to engage the students.

Later on, the author lists some lessons learned from the exercise, including

“Experts” can be wrong, and say things that sound right – so build a habit of evaluating new information and check it against things you already accept as fact.

It should probably go without saying, but this holds true for nonexperts, only moreso. Skepticism is a tool that gets refined as one progresses in science, and one tends to develop a decent BS detector. For claims that jibe with what I already know, provisional acceptance is easier. If an assertion seems dubious, I require more convincing. I like Feynman’s trick (can I use that word, in light of the recent kerfuffle?) which he explains in one of his books, of thinking of an object or scenario, trying to disprove an assertion.

Another Country Heard From

Family is the number one reason for women leaving academia

Their data, taken from extensive surveys of graduate students and postdoctoral researchers within the University of California system, shows that work-life issues, and particularly decisions about when to get married and when to have children, account for the most significant loss of academic scientists in the pipeline between PhD and tenured positions.

“The leak is almost entirely, or least due primarily to family formation,”

I shall now duck and cover.

Put This in the Form of a Question

FLOTUS: Elevating the social status of nerds everywhere

Making her 13th visit to a federal agency, Obama joined Energy Secretary Steven Chu on Thursday in a tightly packed, 200-person basement DOE auditorium for a mock quiz of 10 middle schoolers who would compete next year in the National Science Bowl, an outreach effort run by DOE.

I heartily applaud this kind of effort.

But (you knew there would be a “but”) this made me wince:

Chu seemed to take pleasure when the budding scientists nailed a question, but winced when one team incorrectly guessed that nuclear power comprises only 5% of the US energy budget. The other team quickly got the answer right: 20%. “Correct,” said Chu with a wry smile.

How is that a science question? What concept should those students who missed it go back and study? The format of a quiz-bowl makes it tough to ask conceptual questions, so you’re limited right out of the gate, but really — statistics about nuclear power? Is our children learning that in science class?