Grading Policy, Sir!

Dr. Pion’s blurb about exam design and grading reminded me of a few things. I taught for the Navy in the nuclear power program, long ago, when the school was in Orlando, Fl; physics, which included applications to plant operations whenever possible, and a class on principles of reactor operation. There are some distinct differences between exams in this context, vs how they were graded when I was a TA. Being in the military means never having to say you’re sorry to students or even explain yourself to them, if you don’t want to. That translates into not having to post or explain the grading policy on exams; the students’ job is to ‘learn the material, dammit,’ not to haggle for points on exams. Students could still put in for regrades, but it had to be for an obvious grading error, rather than for a dispute about how many points should have been deducted for their mistakes. That didn’t stop all whining, but it’s certainly a bonus when you can tell the offender to shut up — in navy parlance, “Secure that!” (or, “Secure that shit!” Optional for officers, pretty much mandatory for senior enlisted)

Since the material had a definite application, answers to questions had to display an appropriate level of understanding, which was a factor that could supercede any other policy that had been set up. There was a shorthand for the various types of errors — the usual suspects, like math errors (ME) or sign errors (SE), and the big red X for anything wrong, but there were others, too, in part because there were always several “discussion” problems, even on physics exams:
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Can't . . . Avoid . . . Collision

Remember the conservation-of-momentum problem you did in 1st semester physics, where the projectile breaks into two pieces at the apex of its flight? Now multiply by Avogadro’s number (and then an additional order of magnitude or more)

Momentum’s conserved, even in slo-mo.

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Wasting Time With Optics

“Magnifier bar” for reading small print. It’s a cylindrical lens, so there’s astigmatism, aberration, and some off-axis distortion. With graph paper, it’s sufficient to distract a physicist, if that’s what your evil plan requires.

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Conference by Proxy

Chad’s got his complete summary of the DAMOP meeting up at Uncertain Principles. Day 1, Day 2, Day 3 and the wrap-up.

I would have liked to have gone but my plans were thwarted. Next year the conference is in nearby Charlottesville, VA, so I’ll definitely try and make that one. I don’t think there will be another conference competing for my time and attention.

Testing Your Ingenuity

There’s the Batman problem, and “an Elephant is in the way” problem.

I have a contribution that I’ve recreated below. Back when I was teaching for the Navy, there were many opportunities to learn “new” physics and see interesting answers (one shipmate kept a list of the various spellings of “Bremsstrahlung” found on exams; he had over 35 by the time he left), and the occasional tactic, as shown in the above links, of a student realizing he can’t answer the exam question, so some other reply is needed. Sometimes you change the question (hoping for a Kobayshi Maru-esque commendation for original thinking), and sometimes you just write something down, hoping it’s correct and praying for the gods of partial credit to save you.

There was this one student who wins the gold star for this. He had been a decent student through the first several months of nuclear power school, but then something happened and he started to flame out, spectacularly. A student could be dropped from the training only after failing two courses, among other requirements, so the fact that he had completed several classes and passed exams in the current courses meant that the trajectory was visible for a relatively long time. Passing was set at 62.5%, and he failed a couple of exams (including what I was teaching) with scores of less than 50%. Most students who failed out would at least keep up the appearance of trying, lest he be found guilty of dereliction of duty, but it was clear that tis particular student just stopped caring. On an electrical systems exam, he answered only one question: “Draw a one-line diagram of the XXXX system” (a one-line diagram is a schematic) This is what his answer looked like

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He was given full points for the problem, and then booted out.

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Added 6/3: It’s not just physics. Check out this bio question

"Classic" Timekeeping, Part II

(Part I)

The state-of-the-art timekeeping technology a century ago was comprised of pendulum clocks. Refinements were made in the areas of obvious problems, such as the mechanical escapement which robs the system of energy, the vulnerability to changes in length from temperature and humidity, and vibrations. The culmination of this was the clock of W. H. Shortt, which had two pendulums, a master and a slave. The master oscillator was a free pendulum, and as it did no work to drive any mechanism, it was able to keep very precise time. The pendulum was made of invar, a material that had a very low thermal coefficient of expansion, and was encased in a chamber that was evacuated to several millitorr of pressure. The chamber was bolted to a wall that typically rested on a massive platform of the type used for telescopes, which minimized effects from vibrations. The pendulum was given an occasional boost to keep its amplitude roughly constant. The slave pendulum, which did the mechanical work of the system, received periodic electronic impulses from the master clock to correct its motion. This type of clock could keep time to better than a millisecond a day. A shortcoming (as it were) was in the measurement of the time; as Loomis notes

This remarkable result is accomplished through the possibility of averaging a large number of observations. A single impulse from a master Shortt clock has an uncertainty of 1 or 2 milli-seeonds. The master pendulum carries a small wheel. The impulse arm rests on this wheel, and as the pendulum swings out the pallet on this arm travels down the edge of the wheel, finally falling clear . It then trips an arm which falls, making the electric contact . If the small wheel is not exactly circular the arm will fall at slightly different times as the wheel is given a small turn with each fall. These variations are entirely smoothed out when a series of sparks are averaged.

So while the clock is precise in the long-term, the system of measuring it (described below) is limited at shorter durations.

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